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PPL: Exception Handler in C++

Purpose of Exception Handling:

  • Exception handling in C++ is used to manage and recover from unexpected errors or exceptional situations that might occur during program execution.

Try-Catch Blocks:

  • The try block is used to enclose the code that might cause an exception.
  • If an exception occurs within the try block, the program jumps to the nearest matching catch block.

Throwing Exceptions:

  • To indicate an error, you can “throw” an exception using the throw keyword.
  • Exceptions can be of any type, including standard library exceptions or user-defined types derived from std::exception.

Catching Exceptions:

  • The catch block is used to handle exceptions thrown within the corresponding try block.
  • You can catch exceptions by their types, including base classes, to handle related exceptions in a single block.
  • Usually, a reference (often const) to the exception type refers to the caught exception.

Standard Exceptions:

  • C++ provides a set of standard exception classes, such as std::runtime_error, std::logic_error, and std::invalid_argument, which are derived from std::exception.

Custom Exception Classes:

  • You can create your own exception classes by deriving them from std::exception or other existing exception classes.
  • Custom exception classes should typically provide a custom error message using the what() function.

Multiple Catch Blocks:

  • You can have multiple catch blocks to handle different types of exceptions.
  • Catch blocks are evaluated sequentially, and the first matching block is executed.

Order of Catch Blocks:

  • Place more specific catch blocks before more general ones. Specific exceptions should be caught before their base classes.

Unhandled Exceptions:

  • The program will terminate and display an error message if no catch block within the current scope is able to catch an exception.

Rethrowing Exceptions:

  • You can use the throw statement inside a catch block to rethrow the caught exception.
  • This allows an exception to be caught at one level of the call stack and then handled or rethrown at a higher level.

Resource Management:

  • Even during exceptions, use exception handling to release memory or close files.

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